Active and passive movements of materials in the cells

Active and Passive Process of Materials in the Cell:-

Active and Passive process of materials movements in the cells

Passive processes like diffusion,facilitated diffusion and osmosis.

.Diffusion:-It is the spontaneous movements of materials from a region of higher concentration or diffusion pressure to a region of lower concentration or diffusion pressure due to tendency of their molecules to spread uniformly.

Significance of diffusion:-

1.Helps in uniform distribution of materials in the cytoplasm.

2.Helps in exchange of gases  during respiration.

3.Odoriferous chemicals of flowers attract the pollinating agents.

4.Transpiration in plants.

5.Inward diffusion of sodium ions in the cytoplasm helps in muscle contraction and conduction of nerve impulses.

.Osmosis:-

It is the passive movement of water or any other solvent molecules from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration through a semipermeable membrane.

Significance of osmosis:-

1.It helps in absorption of water from soil by root hair.

2.it helps in opening and closing of Stomata on the leaves.

3.It induces the shock movement of leaflets to touch m not.

4.It helps in growth of embryo during seed germination.

5.It maintains turgidity of cells which helps in deeper penetration of roots and stem.

6.Intake of water by unicellular flash water organisms by endosmosis.

Now in Active movements of materials in the cells:-

Active process like active transport,endocytosis and exocytosis.

Endocytosis:-

It involves intaking of large sized liquid or solid macrobiomolecules inside the cell through flexible plasma membrne depends upon folding of plasma membrne due to flexibility.

Endocytosis are two types:-

1.Pinocytosis:-It is the process of intaking of large sized liquid biomolecules by the cells so it is called cell drinking.

2.Phagocytosis:-It is the process if intaking of large sized solid particles including cellular debris and micro organism so it is also called cell eating.

Exocytosis:-

It involves expelling of large sized materials outside the cells through the cell membrane.It is also called cell vomiting .

Some examples related to Excytosis:-

1.Release of secretions of glandular cells of liver,pancreas,secretory vesicles.

The secretions may be enzymes,hormones..

2.Expelling of residual bodies with undigested food.

3.Release of neutrotransmitter at the synaptic knobs of the nerve cells.